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Markets continue to play a major role in the lives and livelihoods of the population of Gaza - before, during and after times of acute crisis and conflict.

Report authors: 
Corrie Sissons and Lisa Biblo
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Supplementary data sets for the 2016 PCMA in Harare looking at the water, sanitation and hygiene NFI market systems with respect to recurrent waterborne disease outbreaks in Harare. Practitioners should consult this document and authors for data sets in relation to WASH infrastructure, GIS locations and price mapping for specific services and commodities to reduce analysis duplication.

Report authors: 
Parvin Ngala
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Stoneridge, Hopely, Caledonia, Mabvuku-Tafarm, Dzivarasekwa, Kuwadzana
December, 2016

This report presents the summary findings of a Pre-Crisis Market Analysis (PCMA) carried out from June to September 2016 in Harare as part of a global programme funded by OFDA/USAID to understand how PCMA can be used to inform improved WASH emergency preparedness, response and resilience programming in complex urban environments. The summary seeks to pull together a city-level view of the WASH system based on the assessment, drawing out key commonalities and differences in the localities and presenting recommendations for emergency preparedness, response and resilience programming.

Report authors: 
Parvin Ngala and Katie Whitehouse
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Penjaringan and Kampung Melayu Village, Jakarta Province, Indonesia
December, 2016

Jakarta is highly flood prone and experiences both moderate and severe floods on a regular basis. This pre-crisis market analysis was carried out to identify market response activities to help complement existing flood contingency plans. It focused on two intrinsically connected market systems, those for water supply and latrines. The report makes a number of recommendations for immediate risk mitigation, emergency preparedness and response and resilience building.

Report authors: 
WASH & Market Team - Oxfam in Indonesia
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Residents of the riverine areas in Bangladesh's Gaibandha District suffer from annual and periodic severe flooding, which can be lead to prolonged displacement from their homes. Oxfam facilitated a Pre-Crisis Market Analysis in May 2016 to identify if alternatives to in-kind distributions of hygiene and sanitation materials were possible or appropriate, to build recommendations into contingency planning to improve preparedness and to mitigate the impact of regular crises.The report recommends that essential WASH NFIs should be distributed via restricted digital value vouchers redeemable at Fulchhari Market, with the exception of chlorine tablets, which should be distributed in kind. Relief actors should consider providing cash grants to traders for restocking if the anticipated need exceeds what they are able to restock themselves. The value of the voucher should be established at the WASH Cluster level through the development of a WASH NFI "basket." Meanwhile, any post-emergency sanitation interventions should aim to link beneficiaries to existing sanitation marketing programs rather than providing in-kind provision of hardware. They should further work with SanMarts to develop low-cost, flood-appropriate options for latrines. In areas where no sanitation marketing or micro-finance options exist, relief actors should aim to provide sanitation materials through the local market.

Report authors: 
Tom Wildman
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Le conflit violent qui sévit en raison des actions de Boko Haram et les opérations militaires lancées pour le combattre ont entraîné une crise humanitaire aux effets dévastateurs dans la région du bassin du lac Tchad en Afrique de l’Ouest.

Report authors: 
Corrie Sissons and Clotilde Lappartient
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Almost seven years of violent conflict in the Lake Chad Basin region of West Africa – involving Boko Haram and military operations to counter them – has led to a devastating humanitarian crisis.

Report authors: 
Corrie Sissons and Clotilde Lappartient
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Siti Zone, Somali Region
November, 2014

2011 was one of the driest years since 1950-51 in many pastoral zones in Ethiopia, leading to extreme food insecurity in the Somali region of the country.This assessment was conducted by Oxfam, Save the Children and Concern in order to determine the market systems' capacities to provide basic food products, including rice, pasta and sorghum, to the rural pastoralist communities during a severe drought and to judge what types of humanitarian responses might be required and feasible to ensure food security of these people during such a crisis situation. It found that all market systems studied seem to have the capacity to meet the respective needs of the population in Siti Zone – even during a severe drought. It suggests that cash based programming is a feasible alternative to in-kind distributions of food in Siti Zone. In this respect it would make sense to advocate for a policy change in the Somali region and try to motivate the responsible authorities to some pilot projects in which the government starts to distribute cash.

Report authors: 
David de Wild
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Kampong Thom Province
February, 2012

In 2011, persistent heavy rains meant led to widespread flooding around the Mekong River, affecting a number of districts in Cambodia's northwestern and central provinces. In Kompong Thom province, 63 of 73 communes and 396 of 739 villages were affected by the flood.

Report authors: 
Kep Kannaro, Aung Thein Thein, Tim Vanna, Mean Meanith, Hov Kim Khouch, Khammavong Khamphy, Cristalli Alessandro, Meach Cenmil
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Every year, Eastern Samar is hit by an average of 20 typhoons. Because of the impacts of these typhoons, chronic WASH issues and high poverty incidence, people remain vulnerable. Oxfam conducted this PCMMA on household water treatment products (HWTP) and financial services for the poor (with a focus on loan and credit services) in order to inform the development of livelihoods and WASH programmes ahead of the next typhoon season. For the HWTP market system, the report recommends collaboration with RHU on pre-stocking of HWTPs ahead of the typhoon season, awareness raising sessions on the availability and use of HWTPs, infrastructure support, rehabilitation of damaged water systems, supporting local traders and pharmacies to stock HWTPs in advance and mapping of actors willing to participate in a voucher scheme for HWTPs. In a future emergency, the report recommends a vouchers-for-HWTPs intervention. For financial services, the report recommends helping sari-sari store owners to become more resilient to shocks through better preparedness, advocacy for reduced interest rates, financial literacy training, awareness raising on the different financial services available and additional mapping of services. In a future typhoon, the report recommends supporting shopkeepers or their suppliers through cash or vouchers and supporting informal money lenders to continue offering their services to the poor and very poor.

Report authors: 
Marie Boulinaud
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