Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis Toolkit

South Sudan faces chronic food insecurity. This study of markets in three South Sudanese states looks at the appropriateness of cash transfer programming in food security responses and assesses whether markets could respond adequately to increased demand without causing inflation. During the emergency year, vulnerable households in all three states faced a severe deficit in their ability to purchase basic foods due to severely reduced yields and decreased income levels. The sorghum market saw higher prices, lower demand and high inflation. The report suggests that supporting purchasing power alone will not be sufficient to meet people’s needs because of the risk of inflation. Therefore, this assessment suggests activities designed to improve the functioning of the market in addition to improving consumers' purchasing power. Contingency funds and other flexible funding are recommended to limit risks associated with this volatile environment. It is also advised that short-term programs need to be coherent with longer-term ones that focus on addressing the chronic issues that inhibit resilience building.

Years of blockades and the depletion of natural resources have severely impacted prospects for economic development of the Gaza Strip. As of 2012, more than one million people in Gaza were living below the poverty line. This report presents the results of an early PCMMA of the wheat flour market system, which is very important in the local economy and local diets. The study considers the likely impact of two hypothetical but possible scenarios on the wheat flour market system. Because of low purchasing power and high food prices, poor households in Gaza are heavily reliant on aid agencies to supply most of their wheat flour needs. This report suggests two additional critical issues that need to be considered: price adaptations in case of increases in private demand and the purchasing power of the food aid beneficiaries. It recommends providing cash and/or vouchers for wheat flour to increase household purchasing power and creating strategic grain reserves in Gaza to control wheat flour prices.

More than three decades of armed conflict in Sri Lanka led to a steady deterioration of the food security situation along with social and economic infrastructure in Sri Lanka's Northern Province. Kilinochchi and Mullaitivu are two districts in the north that were severely affected in the final phase of the war during January to May 2009. In mid-2009, resettlement programs began returning those displaced in the war to their home communities in these two districts. This report presents the results and recommendations of an EMMA of the red rice market system to better understand the availability of red rice in local markets and any constraints facing the market system. This analysis shows that the supply in these regions is sufficient to meet the need of the target population, but that consumers have limited access to this supply due to low purchasing power. Its recommendations include cash for work activities, indirect interventions, and advocacy to strengthen the red rice supply market system in the two districts.

This document presents the key findings and lessons learned from a pre-crisis market assessment that Oxfam conducted in Guatemala that attempted to look at how both emergency and long-term development needs can be addressed through markets programming. The impact of the assessment has been predominantly positive. It has led to been increased interest from other agencies in the region to both promoting and using cash transfer programs. Key successes included beginning the process with an HEA analysis, conducting a vulnerability and risk assessment and conducting a power analysis. Though both the GEM and EMMA approaches gave huge added value to the joint market analysis, there is still thinking to be done of better ways to integrate these for maximum impact. This integrated process can certainly help to approach programs that support sustainable livelihoods and resilience building. Yet agencies must be realistic in matching aspirations with capacity. Likewise, they must be ready – programmatically and financially – to take a long term approach to working with communities.

When a 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti in January 2010, an estimated 220,000 people died, and a further 1.5 million people were displaced. This case study looks at the EMMA that was undertaken in Haiti three weeks after the earthquake and the emergency responses implemented as a result by both the IRC and Oxfam, before sharing key successes and lessons learned about how to make EMMAs as effective as possible.

This case study presents learning from an EMMA market assessment carried out in Liberia in April 2011, focused on imported rice and agricultural labor. It presents key findings for the rice market system before discussing successes and lessons learned from the exercise.

On September 26, 2009, tropical Typhoon Ketsana made landfall near Baler, Quezon Province in Philippines. This EMMA on the rice market system was conducted after Ketsana in Calamba City. It found out the rice prices were stable even after the crisis. However, local households experienced rice shortages, and local harvests were decreased by a significant amount. Given the market's quick rebound after the shock, it seems logical that food assistance, and rice in particular, should be delivered through local markets. This assessment recommends advocacy for closer coordination and communication between market, local government and humanitarian actors; advocacy for humanitarian and government agencies to strengthen assessment activities; the monitoring of market recovery; and cash transfers for vulnerable households, in some cases via cash for work programs.

December 2013 violence in South Sudan had killed thousands and displaced more than 900,000 people. It has also led to a serious deterioration in the food security situation, and some 3.7 million people are at high risk of food insecurity in the coming year. Food partners have so far reached about 865,000 people under the emergency operation between January and April 2014 with most of the food being distributed in-kind. The objectives of this market analysis were for Oxfam to explore alternatives to in-kind food aid in its different areas of interventions and to create a market baseline for three critical market systems, including red sorghum, maize flour and soap. This report recommends the following response activities: advocacy for integrating maize flour into the food aid distributed, and procuring both maize and sorghum food aid through Juba vendors; commodity vouchers for soap distribution; value vouchers as a top-up for basic needs; and conducting market analyses in other Oxfam intervention areas in South Sudan.

Le Niger fait face à des épisodes de crises alimentaires de plus en plus rapprochés qui ne permettent pas aux populations les plus pauvres d'avoir la capacité de se relever entre deux crises. Selon l'analyse de la campagne agricole 2013-14, plus de 1 million de personnes au Niger ont été en insécurité alimentaire. La zone de Ouallam est particulièrement touchée. Oxfam a souhaité faire cette étude PCMMA pour avoir plus d’informations sur le fonctionnement des marchés des denrées de base - spécifiquement, le mil et le mais - en période de soudure dans cette même zone. Ce rapport propose les recommendations suivantes pour aider la population à réaliser la sécurité alimentaire : une intervention à travers des transferts de cash ou coupons aux mois de février/mars d’une mauvaise année ; d'utiliser les indicateurs précoces de mauvaise année identifiés dans cette étude afin de faire des interventions précoces pertinentes et qui éviteront d’agir quand il est déjà trop tard ; une interaction stratégique avec les collecteurs qui vont chercher les produits dans les zones reculées ; et d’assurer un soutien à l’autonomisation des femmes en leur permettant d’accéder elles-mêmes aux intrants maraichers en début de saison.

Dans l’ouest du Niger, les inondations peuvent détruire des vies humaines, des habitats, des cultures et des infrastructures de base. À long terme, ces dégâts humains, économiques et matériels freinent le développement socio-économique du pays. En 2012 et 2014, la région considérée a subi des inondations particulièrement importantes. Cette étude PCMMA a été réalisée pour recommander les réponses pouvant influencer le marché les plus appropriées pour faire face aux fortes inondations et pour identifier des options de programmes pour renforcer les marchés et réduire les contraintes de l’accès aux produits ou de leur disponibilité (caprins), ou encore l’accès à un revenu essentiel (chou) pendant les fortes inondations. Les recommandations principales relatives au système de marché du chou sont l’appui à la structuration des producteurs maraîchers et l’organisation de la filière ainsi que la formation et l’encadrement technique des producteurs maraîchers. Pour le système de marché de caprins, ce rapport recommande la distribution des caprins en nature dans le cadre d’un programme de développement, la sensibilisation des communautés aux techniques de préparation pour les inondations, un programme Argent contre travail et un plaidoyer visant à réhabiliter certaines infrastructures essentielles, des transferts d’argent aux ménages affectés par les inondations et la réalisation d’une étude de moyens d’existence à Balleyara axée sur le genre.