Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis Toolkit

Annex to the EMMA report on the Water Market System in Harshin.

In June 2010, the Central Asian state of Kyrgyzstan experienced ethnic violence and rapid displacement in the southern districts bordering Uzbekistan following the ousting of the country's president in April. This EMMA assessment focused on early recovery needs for four selected critical markets, including cement, which is one of the most important building materials needed for reconstruction of homes and businesses damaged or destroyed in June. Following the crisis, the cement market system is still functioning, but at reduced capacity. This report concludes that the cement market system is healthy enough to not warrant direct intervention from the international community. It is therefore recommended that cement used in reconstruction be of domestic origin and purchased in the Kyrgyz market. The shelter cluster and other coordinating bodies are encouraged to provide strategic oversight and policy parameters for the purchasing of cement for reconstruction anticipated in the coming months.

In June 2010, the Central Asian state of Kyrgyzstan experienced ethnic violence and rapid displacement in the southern districts bordering Uzbekistan following the ousting of the country's president in April. This EMMA assessment focused on early recovery needs for four selected critical markets, including corrugated galvanized iron (CGI), which is one of the most important building materials needed for reconstruction of homes and businesses damaged or destroyed in June. Following the crisis, the CGI market system is still functioning, but at reduced capacity. This report concludes that the CGI market system is healthy enough to not warrant direct intervention from the international community. This report recommends that NGOs dealing with shelter to identify processors and retailers able to absorb increased demand. It is recommended that CGI used in reconstruction be of domestic origin and purchased in the Kyrgyz market. The shelter cluster and other coordinating bodies are encouraged to provide strategic oversight and policy parameters for the purchasing of CGI for reconstruction anticipated in the coming months.

In June 2010, the Central Asian state of Kyrgyzstan experienced ethnic violence and rapid displacement in the southern districts bordering Uzbekistan following the ousting of the country's president in April. This EMMA assessment focused on early recovery needs for four selected critical markets, including early potatoes, which represent an important source of food and income for farmers in low-lying areas of Osh and Jalal-Abad oblasts. The crisis in Kyrgyzstan has severely disrupted the early potato market system's functioning. This report recommends the following direct interventions: cash transfers to the most affected farmers, subsidized transportation linking farms and markets, vouchers for retailers to purchase from middlemen, cash for work for farmers to clear irrigation and other farm systems and crews to clean up markets and businesses. In addition, this report recommends the following indirect interventions: providing information about crops, prices, supply and demand, technical assistance, rehabilitation of irrigation systems and advocacy with the Kyrgyz, Kazak, Uzbek and Russian governments to reopen borders for trade.

In June 2010, the Central Asian state of Kyrgyzstan experienced ethnic violence and rapid displacement in the southern districts bordering Uzbekistan following the ousting of the country's president in April. This EMMA assessment focused on early recovery needs for four selected critical markets, including early potatoes, which represent an important source of food and income for farmers in low-lying areas of Osh and Jalal-Abad oblasts. The crisis in Kyrgyzstan has severely disrupted the early potato market system's functioning. This report recommends the following direct interventions: cash transfers to the most affected farmers, subsidized transportation linking farms and markets, vouchers for retailers to purchase from middlemen, cash for work for farmers to clear irrigation and other farm systems and crews to clean up markets and businesses. In addition, this report recommends the following indirect interventions: providing information about crops, prices, supply and demand, technical assistance, rehabilitation of irrigation systems and advocacy with the Kyrgyz, Kazak, Uzbek and Russian governments to reopen borders for trade.

As the Syrian conflict enters its third year, the influx of refugees into neighboring countries continues to rise exponentially. In Jordan there are currently over 540,000 refugees, who are placing increasing pressure on service provision and infrastructure, including the already-strained water supply system. This EMMA assessment was planned and designed to inform an ECHO-funded project, Humanitarian Response and Assistance for People Affected by the Syrian Crisis, by analyzing water access and the water market in the pre- and post-crisis contexts, as well as during the winter and summer months in the current year. It found that, while water is available to meet the minimum needs of the targeted population, people’s access to water (particularly from May to September) depends primarily upon their purchasing power, geographic location, and water storage capacity. This report recommends supporting drinking water access through water vouchers linked to local water vendors and transporters, the provision of water filters at household level and increased water storage capacity for households as well as campaigns to promote water conservation and public health.

The Syrian conflict and violent conflicts within Iraq have related in the movement of almost one million Syrian refugees and Iraqi IDPs into Kurdistan in recent years. The Danish Refugee Council commissioned this EMMA in order to assess opportunities in livelihoods generation and access to income for Syrian refugees and IDPs living in and outside of camps, in order to inform its livelihoods programming. The influx of refugees and IDPs has increased pressure on the labor market in KRI. This is exacerbated by a drop in demand for construction due to conflicts between the KRI and the central Iraqi governments and a drop in demand for hospitality services due to insecurity in the region and the relative economic standstill. Though many NGOs are offering humanitarian assistance and cash for work programs to the target population, these interventions are of relatively low economic benefit to beneficiaries and are not a long-term solution. This assessment recommends the following responses in order to improve access to labor markets and income generation for Syrian refugees and Iraqi IDPs: improved efforts to target IDPs and refugees in non-camp settings with humanitarian assistance; raising the target groups' awareness of locally available jobs and building their capacity to find decent jobs; promoting job placement mechanisms; partnering with private sector actors to invest in potentially valuable value chains; promoting innovation in small enterprises; conducting market analyses on access to credit for small businesses and on agriculture and related labor; and advocating with humanitarian actors for a phase-out of short-term interventions.

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A 7.6 magnitude earthquake stuck the coast of West Sumatra, Indonesia on September 30, 2009, causing over 1100 deaths and 3600 injuries as a result of collapsing buildings and landslides. Over 200,000 houses were destroyed or severely damaged by the earthquake, with the greatest damages reported in Padang Pariaman district. This EMMA study was conducted on the locally produced brick market system in October 2009 to help inform humanitarian assistance for housing reconstruction. This report summarizes the results of this study and looks at three potential reconstruction scenarios that may impact the local supply of bricks. It then provides recommendations directed at the shelter cluster, NGOs/IOs and the government, which include providing technical guidelines on improving the safety and quality of reconstruction, providing microcredit loans or cash grants to small-scale brick manufacturers and ensuring that government financial compensation to affected households reflects the increased price of bricks.

Incessant rain in the upper Himalayas in mid-June 2013 resulted in a series of cloudburst, landslides, and floods in northern India, with the biggest impacts in Uttarakhand State. Landslides and flash floods led to damaged roads, collapsed bridges, huge loss of life and property, as well as numbers of pilgrims stranded at famous shrine areas. Christian Aid's emergency response team carried out this EMMA assessment of the rice and tourism market systems in the two worst-affected districts of Uttarakhand shortly after the crisis to help shape its immediate response strategies. Both market systems were severely affected by the floods due to both supply and demand side constraints. This EMMA recommends a combination of cash transfers to affected households to ensure access to food items, cash or food for work programs to help rebuild essential infrastructure, identifying and addressing key blockages in supply chains, further development of agriculture, livestock-based and alternative livelihoods strategies for area households and the improvement of early warning prediction and communication systems.

The Somali region in Ethiopia suffers from chronic drought and water shortages. Oxfam conducted this EMMA study on the water market system in Harshin woreda, comparing the system in a normal year (2009), a bad year (2011), and the current year (2012). The study found that private market actors in Harshin are able to supply sufficient water to meet the needs of the population, but there are issues with cost and access, especially for poor and isolated communities. The report recommends running a pilot project through community level trading entities; implementing public health promotion interventions appropriate for extreme water scarcity; providing support for the operation and maintenance of boreholes; and continuing advocacy efforts for the lifting of border restrictions to enable water to be transported from Somaliland.