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Pre-Crisis

Communes de Simiri, Ouallam, Tondikiwindi et Banibangou, Région de Tillabéry
February, 2014

Le Niger fait face à des épisodes de crises alimentaires de plus en plus rapprochés qui ne permettent pas aux populations les plus pauvres d'avoir la capacité de se relever entre deux crises. Selon l'analyse de la campagne agricole 2013-14, plus de 1 million de personnes au Niger ont été en insécurité alimentaire. La zone de Ouallam est particulièrement touchée. Oxfam a souhaité faire cette étude PCMMA pour avoir plus d’informations sur le fonctionnement des marchés des denrées de base - spécifiquement, le mil et le mais - en période de soudure dans cette même zone. Ce rapport propose les recommendations suivantes pour aider la population à réaliser la sécurité alimentaire : une intervention à travers des transferts de cash ou coupons aux mois de février/mars d’une mauvaise année ; d'utiliser les indicateurs précoces de mauvaise année identifiés dans cette étude afin de faire des interventions précoces pertinentes et qui éviteront d’agir quand il est déjà trop tard ; une interaction stratégique avec les collecteurs qui vont chercher les produits dans les zones reculées ; et d’assurer un soutien à l’autonomisation des femmes en leur permettant d’accéder elles-mêmes aux intrants maraichers en début de saison.

Report authors: 
Marie Boulinaud
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Département de Balleyara
August, 2015

Dans l’ouest du Niger, les inondations peuvent détruire des vies humaines, des habitats, des cultures et des infrastructures de base. À long terme, ces dégâts humains, économiques et matériels freinent le développement socio-économique du pays. En 2012 et 2014, la région considérée a subi des inondations particulièrement importantes. Cette étude PCMMA a été réalisée pour recommander les réponses pouvant influencer le marché les plus appropriées pour faire face aux fortes inondations et pour identifier des options de programmes pour renforcer les marchés et réduire les contraintes de l’accès aux produits ou de leur disponibilité (caprins), ou encore l’accès à un revenu essentiel (chou) pendant les fortes inondations. Les recommandations principales relatives au système de marché du chou sont l’appui à la structuration des producteurs maraîchers et l’organisation de la filière ainsi que la formation et l’encadrement technique des producteurs maraîchers. Pour le système de marché de caprins, ce rapport recommande la distribution des caprins en nature dans le cadre d’un programme de développement, la sensibilisation des communautés aux techniques de préparation pour les inondations, un programme Argent contre travail et un plaidoyer visant à réhabiliter certaines infrastructures essentielles, des transferts d’argent aux ménages affectés par les inondations et la réalisation d’une étude de moyens d’existence à Balleyara axée sur le genre.

Report authors: 
Emily Sloane, Virginia Careri, Julie Mayans, Jackie MacLeod et Kassoum Ouattara
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Paletwa Township, Chin State
June, 2012

Chin State on the western border of Myanmar is characterized by chronic underdevelopment and poverty. Although considered an EMMA at the time, the study aimed to map the baseline rice market system in Paletwa Township under normal conditions in order to gain insight into how to improve people's livelihoods and food security in times of stress. In this sense, it was really an early PCMMA. This assessment recommends that any development or relief programs targeting Paletwa Township should seek to engage market actors so as to avoid doing harm. In addition, livelihoods support in the target area should focus on developing more sustainable, diversified and profitable strategies that help to protect the natural environment.

Report authors: 
Alan Moseley, Carol Ward
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Mukuru Informal Settlements
June, 2013

In the second half of 2011, Kenya witnessed one of the worst droughts in the recent past, which was exacerbated by high inflation, rising fuel prices and a weakened economy. Though poor households in Nairobi's informal settlements are vulnerable during emergencies, they are often ignored by the government and relief agencies. Oxfam conducted this market baseline assessment to identify the crisis' impacts on the maize, water and credit markets. To help ensure adequate maize consumption by vulnerable households, this assessment suggests cash grants for small shops, posho mills and food vendors, cooked food vouchers for vulnerable households, cash grants for very poor households (with in-kind food aid as a fallback) and advocacy for social protection programming and increased transparency regarding maize market activity. For the water market system, the report recommends increasing the water supply, improving household-level water storage, improving household purchasing power, creating more CBOs, pressuring NWSC to enforce its rules and regulations, offering cash grants and vouchers, water tankering, providing water treatment options and constructing pipelines from boreholes to water vendors. For the credit market system, this assessment recommends advocating for safety nets and ID registration for poor households, linking with institutions that could provide grants for the poor, promoting savings groups and providing cash grants to poor households and small traders.

Report authors: 
Not specified
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Kathmandu
February, 2014

As a part of its National Humanitarian Capacity Building for Urban Risk Management, Oxfam organized a five-day EMMA training intended to enhance the capacity of WaSH actors in Nepal to design and implement market-based interventions during future emergencies.The training included practical research on the baseline drinking water market system in two IDP camps near Kathmandu that was intended to inform earthquake preparedness activities; in this sense, the study was more a PCMMA than an EMMA. This report documents both the training that took place and the market-related findings and does not follow the standard format for an EMMA or PCMMA report. Recommendations were made for each of the IDP camps visited during the training.

Report authors: 
Mandira Singh Shrestha
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Badin District, Sindh Province
August, 2015

2010 and 2011 saw the worst floods in the history of Pakistan. In Sindh Province, the floods led to loss of life and also damaged standing crops, household and livestock food stocks, health, education and road infrastructure, houses, irrigation and drainage facilities and protected drinking water sources. This report presents the findings and recommendations for a PCMMA of the rice market system in Sindh's Badin District. During and after a future flood emergency, the rice market system in Badin should be able to provide the needed volume of rice, provided that the very serious transportation and access issues can be overcome. For a future humanitarian response, this report recommends in-kind provision of locally procured rice to the most vulnerable households for the first month of intense flooding, to be replaced by unconditional cash grants to cover rice needs, along with support to selected retailers to transport rice efficiently. It also recommends several activities focused on emergency preparedness, including a mapping and communication exercise focused on identifying key transport routes and land areas that are vulnerable to flooding; the development and implementation of longer-term agricultural development/poverty eradication programst; and advocacy at the national-level food security cluster for consistent provision of the complete caloric requirements for the poorest households in emergencies.

Report authors: 
Emily Sloane and Muhammad Ali
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Badin, Ghotki and Sanghar Districts, Sindh Province
August, 2015

2010 and 2011 saw the worst floods in the history of Pakistan. In Sindh Province, the floods led to loss of life and also damaged standing crops, household and livestock food stocks, health, education and road infrastructure, houses, irrigation and drainage facilities and protected drinking water sources. This report presents the findings and recommendations for a PCMMA of the drinking water market system in Badin, Ghotki and Sanghar Districts of Sindh. It finds that markets are limited in their ability to provide adequate drinking water to make up for the 50% loss of clean water provided by wells and hand pumps during floods. This report recommends the provision of bottled water for the first month for urban and peri-urban areas, to be replaced by the provision of water vouchers for bottled/filtered water. In rural areas, it is appropriate to distribute filtered/treated drinking water by jerry can or by water tankering. In addition, the following preparedness/DRR activities are recommended: installation of hand pumps in areas where displaced communities gather during floods; pre-positioning of water tankering equipment and pre-establishing agreements with district-level water treatment plants or suppliers to fill tankers; pre-positioning agreements with water treatment and bottled water retailers to accept vouchers for drinking water during floods; the cleaning, treatment and repair of wells and hand pumps in rural areas; promoting household-level water treatment strategies; and supporting the growth of private-sector water filtration businesses.

Report authors: 
Gregory Matthews and Juergen Mika
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Ghotki and Sanghar Districts, Sindh Province
August, 2015

2010 and 2011 saw the worst floods in the history of Pakistan. In Sindh Province, the floods led to loss of life and also damaged standing crops, household and livestock food stocks, health, education and road infrastructure, houses, irrigation and drainage facilities and protected drinking water sources. This report presents the findings and recommendations for a PCMMA of the wheat flour critical market system in Ghotki and Sanghar Districts of Sindh. In the event of a future large-scale flood, this study predicts that wheat flour within the districts are likely to be adequate to meet local demand for several months, provided that the very serious transportation and access issues can be overcome. For a future humanitarian response, this report recommends in-kind provision of locally procured wheat flour to the most vulnerable households to be replaced by unconditional cash grants. It also recommends several activities focused on emergency preparedness, including a mapping and communication exercise; the development and implementation of longer-term agricultural development/poverty eradication programs; advocacy at the national-level food security cluster for consistent provision of the complete caloric requirements for the poorest households in emergencies; and support to actors throughout the market chain to flood-proof storage facilities.

Report authors: 
Emily Sloane and Khanzada Khan
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Badin, Ghotki and Sanghar Districts, Sindh Province
August, 2015

2010 and 2011 saw the worst floods in the history of Pakistan. In Sindh Province, the floods led to loss of life and also damaged standing crops, household and livestock food stocks, health, education and road infrastructure, houses, irrigation and drainage facilities and protected drinking water sources. This report presents the findings and recommendations for a PCMMA of the wheat straw critical market system in Badin, Ghotki and Sanghar Districts of Sindh. The study found that the wheat straw market system by and large has the capacity to meet the anticipated demand for straw during future floods. For the first month, it is recommended to implement in-kind distribution of fodder assistance to the affected population in Sanghar and Badin, and cash or vouchers to the affected population in Ghotki to enable them to purchase wheat straw directly. 3 to 5 months following the emergency, cash or vouchers can be phased-in to replace in-kind straw distributions. In addition, this study recommends considering the in-kind distribution of supplemental nutrition for livestock and assistance for green fodder crops, along with the following preparedness activities: improving straw storage mechanisms and practices at the household and retailer levels; planning for post-flood green fodder planting; and establishing supplier agreements with straw traders.

Report authors: 
Gregory Matthews and Muzafar Hussain
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